The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 03 Swift's Writings on Religion and the Church — Volume 1 — Context and Discussion

Swift's Stated Position on Religious Doubt

In the preface, a key passage from Swift's writings is quoted: 'I am not answerable to God for the doubts that arise in my own breast, since they are the consequence of that reason which he hath planted in me, if I take care to conceal those doubts from others.' This statement is remarkable for its frankness. Swift acknowledges that doubt may arise from reason itself, but he insists on concealing it and subduing it. The editor notes that we search in vain for any definite expression of doubt in Swift's works; instead, he avoids rational inquiry into mysteries and insists on belief. This tension between private doubt and public orthodoxy is a thread worth following through the volume.

Polemic Against the Bishop's Letter

One excerpt contains a sustained attack on a bishop's letter. Swift dissects the bishop's arguments point by point. He quotes the bishop's claim that Tories are ready to believe transubstantiation and other Catholic doctrines, and responds with sarcasm: 'I can only pray God to enlighten his understanding, or graft in his heart the first principles of charity.' Swift also mocks the bishop's use of Scripture to insult the Tory clergy, noting that with a concordance one could apply any injurious names to opponents. This passage shows Swift's combative style and his willingness to engage in personal invective under the guise of theological debate.

The Question of Swift's Inner Conviction

The preface raises a question that the excerpts do not fully answer: whether Swift found a satisfying conviction in Christianity. The editor points to the sermon 'On the Trinity' as an example where Swift avoids rational inquiry and insists on the necessity of belief in mysteries. The quoted passage from the 'Letter to a Young Clergyman' advises against attempting to explain mysteries, since Providence intended them. This suggests that Swift's approach to religion was pragmatic: he valued the Church as an institution and orthodoxy as a social necessity, but his personal beliefs remain opaque. Readers should attend to how Swift navigates between defending the Church and expressing his own views.

Swift's Use of Classical and Biblical Allusions

In the polemical excerpt, Swift quotes Juvenal: 'Quibus indiciis, quo teste, probavit? Nil horum: verbosa et grandis epistola venit' (By what proofs, by what witness, did he prove it? None of these: a verbose and grand letter came). This classical allusion is typical of Swift's learned style. He also repeatedly invokes Scripture, as when he accuses the bishop of perverting Holy Writ. The combination of classical and biblical references serves to elevate his argument and to position himself as both a man of letters and a defender of true religion. Noticing these allusions can help readers appreciate the layers of Swift's rhetoric.

This volume offers a focused look at Swift's religious writings, but the excerpts are only a sample. Readers should approach the sermons and tracts with attention to Swift's rhetorical strategies and his handling of doubt. The editor's preface provides a useful framework, but the texts themselves will reveal the complexity of Swift's relationship with the Church. Consider how Swift balances his role as a clergyman with his satirical instincts.