John P. Jones, a missionary in southern India, frames the religious landscape of India as a stark choice between Krishna and Christ. The book's structure—moving from land and people through religions to missionary methods—reflects its dual purpose: to inform Western readers about Indian society and to advocate for Christian mission. Jones does not merely describe; he contrasts, often using parallel headings such as 'The Hindu And The Native Christian—A Study.' The preface notes the work originated as lectures on the Hyde foundation, lending it an oral, persuasive quality.

Contrast as Organizing Principle

Jones structures his argument around explicit comparisons. Chapter III, 'Hinduism And Christianity Contrasted,' breaks down differences into initial conceptions, ultimate aims, agency, processes, ideals, and credentials. This systematic approach extends to later chapters, where he juxtaposes 'The Hindu' and 'The Native Christian' as products of their respective faiths. The table of contents reveals a methodical mind: each chapter is subdivided into numbered sections, some with lettered subsections (e.g., 'Social Life: (a) The Family, (b) Society'). This taxonomy suggests Jones aims for comprehensiveness, but the contrastive framework also serves his evangelical purpose, presenting Christianity as superior at every point.

Practical Advice for Missionaries

In Chapter VII, Jones offers detailed counsel on missionary life, revealing tensions between idealism and pragmatism. He discusses physical fitness, noting that 'the less robust and more careful missionaries stand well that tropical climate,' and advocates for annual hill-station retreats and home visits every eight to ten years. He addresses the debate over recreation, arguing that tennis, badminton, or carpentry can 'bring relief to the tense nerves.' He also weighs married versus single missionaries, noting the American Board's preference for married candidates. These passages ground the book in lived experience, showing how theological convictions intersect with daily challenges of health, morale, and cultural adjustment.

The Missionary's Attitude and Role

Jones devotes a section to 'The Missionary's Attitude Towards the Non-Christian World,' though the excerpt does not reveal his specific prescriptions. The chapter also covers relationships with the missionary society, the mission, and the people. This emphasis on relational dynamics suggests that Jones saw the missionary's character and approach as crucial to success. The book's later chapters on missionary organization—evangelistic, pastoral, educational, literary, medical, and women's work—indicate a comprehensive vision. Jones writes as an insider, addressing fellow missionaries and church supporters, offering both encouragement and caution about the dangers of overwork and the need for periodic renewal.

Readers should note that Jones writes from a specific historical and theological vantage point: early 1900s Protestant missionary discourse. His contrasts are polemical, not descriptive. The book is most valuable as a primary source for understanding how Western missionaries constructed religious difference and justified their presence in India. The practical chapters on missionary life offer a rare glimpse into the everyday concerns of a colonial religious enterprise.